Mnemônicos ingleses

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Here are some mnemonics in English.

Computing

OSI Networking Model

• Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away
• Please Do Not Tell Sales People Anything
• People Don't Need To See Paula Abdul
  • Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, Application Layer

Or you can start from the top:

• All People Seem To Need Data Processing

• All Pizza Seems To Need Double Pepperoni
• All Prostitutes Say That Nighttime Doubles Prices

HTML & CSS

The right order to specify the link state pseudo-classes in Cascading Style Sheets

• LoVe HAte

link, visited, hover, active

• TRBL (Trouble)

Top, Right, Bottom, Left

Electronic Colour Codes

• Better Be Right Or Your Great Big Venture Goes West

Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White

• Bad Boys Raped One Young Girl Behind Victoria Garden Wall

Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White

• Bad Boys Rape Our Young Girls But Violet Gives Willingly

Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White

• Big Beautiful Roses Occupy Your Garden But Violets Grow Wildly

Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White

• Black Beetles Running On Your Garden Brings Very Good Weather

Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White

• Bad Beer Rots Our Young Guts But Vodka Goes Well -- Get Some Now

Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White, Gold, Silver, None

Nautical

Concerning the weather:

• "Red sky at night, sailor's delight; red sky in morning, sailor take warning" (or "... shepherd's warning")

Concerning safe navigation in IALA region B:

• "Red Right Returning" - When navigating between a red and green channel marker pair, keep the red marker to starboard when returning to the harbor from the sea.

To remember that port is red and to the left (and that starboard is green and to the right):

• "There is some red port left in the bottle"
• Or remember that it used to be starboard and larboard--L for left--so starboard is right and port is left
• Or remember that port and left each have four letters.
• Colors and directions: The short words, left, port and red go together and the long words right, starboard and green go together.

To remember that in Sag the ends of the boat are pointing upwards while the midship section is lower (and that in Hog the ends are pointing downwards while the midship section is higher):

• "Sag is not Sad" (Yeah, you will have to think of the smiley!)

The legend allegedly printed on tickets of passengers on P&O (Peninsula and Orient) passenger vessels when travelling between UK and India in the days of the Raj.

• Port Out Starboard Home (POSH)

Converting magnetic to true heading:

• Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections? - Compass + Deviation = Magnetic + Variation = True (Add for East corrections)
• Timid Virgins Make Dull Company (After Weddings) - True + Variation = Magnetic + Deviation = Compass (Add for West corrections)

Language

Spelling

To remember a rule of English spelling (there are several exceptions):

• I before E, except after C, or when used as an "a" as in neighbor or weigh.

To remember how to spell the word "mnemonics" :

• Mnemonics Now Erase Man's Oldest Nemesis, Insufficient Cerebral Storage
  • You must remember how to spell the word to use the mnemonic, but it does stick in your head.

Argument or arguement?

• I lost an 'e' in an argument

Remembering to spell "cemetery" with three e's:

• She cried "eee!" as she passed the cemetery.

Friend or Freind?

• Always frie your friends.
• Friend ends with end.

To spell "rhythm":

• Rhythm Has Your Two Hips Moving

To spell "necessary":

• Never Eat Crisps, Eat Salad Sandwiches, And Remain Young!

To spell "arithmetic":

• A Rat In Tom's House Might Eat Tom's Ice Cream

To spell "Mississippi":

• Say to yourself "M I double S, I double S, I double P, I" (try it - it will make more sense than seeing it written down!).

To spell "Mississippi":

• Say to yourself: "Mrs M, Mrs I, Mrs S S I, Mrs S S I, Mrs P P I, Mississippi".

• To remember the difference between "desert" and "dessert": Dessert has two S's, which stands for Strawberry Shortcake

Phonetics

The manners of articulation:

• Stop Fooling Around Now, Learn Good Voicing
  • Stop, Fricative, Affricate, Nasal, Liquid, Glide, Vowel

Music

To remember the order of the notes represented by the lines on a musical staff that shows treble clef:

• Every good boy deserves fudge (or favour or fun or football)
• Every good boy deserves fudge and cookies
• Every good boy does fine
• Every great big dog farts
• Every gorilla breaks down fences
• Empty garbage before dad flips
• Elephants go bouncing down freeways

The corresponding spaces in the treble clef spell the word F A C E.

• or better yet Finding Acronyms Challenges Everyone... ( Kim piano student of Scott )

The equivalents for the lines of the bass clef are:

• Good boys deserve fun always
• Good boys do fine always.
• Good boys don't fight and cuss
• Gorillas break down fences always
• Garbage before dad flips always
• Great big ducks fly away
• Grizzly bears don't fly airplanes
• Girls buy dolls for amusement
• " ""G"eorge ""b""ush ""D""rives ""F""ast ""A""lways"

The spaces in the bass clef are:

• All cows eat grass
• All cars eat gas

The order for adding sharps for sharp keys. Say backwards for flat keys.

• Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle.
• Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father.

(or Charles Frederick)

• Also Fidel Castro Gets Drunk After Every Battle.
• Also Fat Carmen Gets Drunk At Every Bar for sharp keys.
• And Fat Cats Go Down Alleys Eating Bugs
• And Fat Cats Go Down Alleys Eating Birds
• And Father Charles Goes Down And Empties Bottles
• and for flats: Bottles Empty And Down Goes Charles' Father.

The order of the musical modes as based on the white keys of a piano starting with C:

• I Don't Play Like Mariachis After Lunch.
• I Don't Play Like My Aunt Lucy.
• I Don't Piss Like Monkeys At Large.
  • Ionian mode, Dorian mode, Phrygian mode, Lydian mode, Mixolydian mode, Aeolian mode, Locrian mode.

To remember the order of strings on a standard tuned guitar

• Eddie Ate Dynamite, Good Bye Eddie
• Elephants And Donkeys Grow Big Ears
• Eat All Day, Get Big Easy

Or in the other order

• Easter Bunnies Get Drunk At Easter

Time

Daylight Saving Time

How to reset your clock for Daylight Saving Time:

• "Spring forward, fall back."

Months

To remember the lengths of the months in the Gregorian calendar:

• Thirty days hath September,
  April, June, and November;
  All the rest have thirty-one
  Excepting February alone,
  Which hath but twenty-eight in fine
  Till leap year give it twenty-nine.

or

• Thirty days hath September,
  April, June, and November;
  All the rest have thirty-one
  Excepting February alone,
  Which hath twenty-eight days clear
  And twenty-nine in each leap year.

or

• Thirty days hath September,
  April, June, and November;
  After February's done,
  all the rest have thirty-one.

which requires you to specifically remember that February has 28 days.

July and all odd numbered months before it have 31 days. August and all even numbered months after it have 31 days. February has 29 days if the year is divisible by 4 (excepting special cases we likely won't live to see), otherwise it has 28 days.

Another version, non-verbal, taking advantage of the previous: Make a fist like to punch someone or to knock fists with them. The knuckles at the back of your hand for your 4 fingers hold the answer as to which months have 31 days: Jan is knuckle, Feb is space between, Mar is next knuckle, ..., over to Jul is 4th knuckle. Ignore your thumb. Start back towards the starting point. Aug is 4th knuckle, Sep is space between, Oct is 3rd knuckle, ... to Dec.

Science

Biology

To remember Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species:

• Katey Please Come Over For Ginger Snaps
• Kings Play Chess OF a Grand Scale
• Kings Play Chess On Fine Grain Sand
• Keep Pots Clean Or Family Gets Sick
• Kings Play Chess On Funny Green Squares
• Kinky People Cry Out For Good Sex
• King Phillip Came Over From Germany, Swimming.
• King Phillip Cooks Omelets For Greasy Slobs.
• King Phillip, Come Out For God's Sake!
• King Phillip, Come Over For Great Spegetti!
• King Phillip Cried, "Oh For Goodness' Sake!"
• King Phillip Came Over For Green Spinach.
• King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain.
• King Phillip Choked On Four Gob Stoppers.
• King Phillip's Court Ordered Fifty Green Spiders.
• King Phillip Cleverly Ordered Five Giant Snails.
• Karl Penetrates Canines On Funky Green Spacehoppers.
• Kirk Played Cavalry On Fred's Good Sofa.

To remember Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species:

• Do Keep Police Cars Off Florida's Great Streets
• Do Keep Papers Coming Or Fail Gardner's Science

To remember the difference between "supine" and "prone":

• In muggings, muggers must attack
  The victim's proper zone;
  The belly if he's supine
  And the spine if he is prone.

Medicine

To remember the difference between supination of the wrist and pronation of the wrist:

• You supinate your wrist to hold a bowl of soup.

Names of cranial nerves (I-Olfactory, II-Optic, III-Oculomotor, IV-Trochlear, V-Trigeminal, VI-Abducens, VII-Facial, VIII-Vestibulocochlear, IX-Glossopharyngeal, X-Vagus, XI-Accessory, XII-Hypoglossal):

Names of Bones in the wrist (Never, Lower, Trudy's, Pants, GrandMother, May, Come, Home): Novicular, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Greater Multangular, Lesser Multangular, Capitate, Hamate.

• (Vet school version): On Old Olympus's Towering Top, A Fat Vicious Goat Vandalized A Hat.
• (Med school version): Oh, Oh, Oh... To Touch A Fine Virgin Girl's Vulva And Hymen.

Whether each cranial nerve, ordered I to XII, is Sensory, Motor, or Both:

• Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More.

To remember which is which between phimosis and paraphimosis:

• The longer word is the "longer" disease.

To remember which Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA's) are tertiary amines:

• There is an "m" in the first four letters of each but doxepin. An "m" is a "3" turned on it's side. The secondary amines lack the early "m".

To remember not to use TCA's with thyroid medications:

• Thyroid Can't Accomodate! (Other Behavioral drugs don't have this contraindication.)

To remember the relative half-lives of the Opioid antagonists: "Naltrexone" is longer and longer-acting than "naloxone".

Colour

To remember the colours of the rainbow (red orange yellow green blue indigo violet) in order:

• Roy G. Biv
• Richard of York gave battle in vain.
• Richard of York got buggered in Venice.
• Run off Young girls boys in view.
• Rich Oliver yelled goodbye because Ian vanished.

Or, a reverse: Virgin in bed get your organ ready. Or: Vikings in Britain gave Yo-yos Out Readily

Geography

To remember the points of a compass:

• No Spaniard Enjoys Washing.

• Never Eat Soggy Waffles (clockwise!).
• Never Eat Sour Watermelon.
• Never Eat Slimy Worms.
• Naughty Elephants Squirt Water.
• Never Eat Shredded Wheat.
• Never Eat Soggy Weet-bix. (Common in Australia, where Weet-bix is a popular cereal)

Additionally, the word "News" is spelled when the letters are taken in a lightning-bolt pattern. To remember West and East, the single word "WE" may help.

Geology

Pregnant Camels Ordinarily Sit Down Carefully. Perhaps Their Joints Creak (Possible Early Oiling Might Prevent Poor Health)

eras: Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous (Cenozoic: Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Holocene)

Chemistry

To remember the Periodic table of the elements:

• The first row:
  • He Likes Beer But Can Not Obtain Food
  • Harry, He Likes Beer By Cups Not OverFlowing
  • Little Betty Boron Chews Nuts On Friday Night
• The second row:
  • Negress Named Magnolia Alters Sister's Photos Surprisingly Cleverly.
  • Nelly's Naughty Mg Allows Silly People Some Clatter Around Katie's Carpark
  • NaMgAl SiPS Chlorine Ardently
• The third row:
  • A(r) Kopper Called Scarface Tim, Very Crafty Man, (Fe) inCoNito Cunning Zena, Gave Gertie A(s) Severe Bruise.

To memorize which elements can only be found in molecular (diatomic) form:

• HNFOIClBr (Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Oxygen, Iodine, Chlorine, Bromine)
  • Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer
  • I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends
• Or remember that there are 7 such elements. The first one is the first element (hydrogen), and the rest form a 7 on the table (N, O, F across, then going down Cl, Br, I).

To remember what happens during oxidation and reduction:

• OIL RIG (Oxidation is losing electrons, reduction is gaining electrons)
• Electron Loss Means Oxidation
• LEO the lion, GER! (Losing Electrons Oxidation, Gaining Electrons Reduction)

To remember which electrodes of an electrochemical cell have which reaction:

• Oxidation takes place at the anode (both start with vowels), reduction takes place at the cathode (both start with consonants).
  • RED CAT (REDuction at CAThode);
  • AN OX (ANode for OXidation)

To remember what elements can form hydrogen bonds when bonded to hydrogen.

• Hydrogen is FON! (fun). Fluorine Oxygen Nitrogen.

To remember the sign of the charges of anions and cations:

• Cation has the letter 't' in it, which looks like a plus sign (ca+ion). Cations are positive (+), anions are negative (-).

How to remember the sequence of dicarboxilic acids : Oh My Stars, Green Apples, for the acids oxalic succinic glutaric and adipic.

Planets

To remember the planets in order of distance from the sun:

• NOTE: Pluto was closer to the sun than Neptune from 1979 to 1999, and it is for 20 years every 248 years because of its elliptical orbit
• My very easy mnemonic just summed up nine planets
• My very educated mother just served us nine pizzas.
• My very eager mother just served us nine pizzas.
• My very energetic mother just swam under north pier.
• Many very early men just stayed up nights planning (planting).
• Martha visits every monday and just stays until noon period.
  • (This childhood version uses 'and' to indicate the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter)
• Many voracious earthlings may jump soon upon new planets.
• My very elegant mohair jumper spoilt using nasty persil.
• My very easy method: just set up nine planets.
• My very easy method just speeds up naming planets.
• My very excellent mother just sent us new pies.
• Saturday Morning, Very Early, Michael And John Sold Used News Papers. (includes the Sun)
• Mr V Easily Met June Saturday Until Nine PM
• Most Volcanoes Erupt Mulberry Jam Sandwiches Under Normal Pressure
• Men Very Easily Make Jugs Serve Useful Needs
• My Very Easy Method Just Saves Us Naming Planets
• Most of the Voters Earn Money Just by Showing Up Next to the Poll (in a Isaac Asimov novel called most of the voters..)
• My very eager mother just sewed up nine pants.
• My very elderly mother just stepped on Uncle Ned's Parrot
• Mother Very Thoughtfully Made A Jelly Sandwich Under No Protest
  • T=Terra=Earth; A=Asteroids - from Robert A. Heinlein's Have Spacesuit Will Travel
  • In the same book, Heinlein includes 'prices' which represent the mean AU (Astronomical Unit - mean distance of the Earth from the Sun = 93 million miles = 149 million km) of all the planets from the sun:
    • MERCURY $0.39
    • VENUS $0.72
    • TERRA $1.00
    • MARS $1.50
    • ASTEROIDS (assorted prices, unimportant)
    • JUPITER $5.20
    • SATURN $9.50
    • URANUS $19.00
    • NEPTUNE $30.00
    • PLUTO $39.50

Astronomy

To remember spectral classes:

• O Be A Fine Girl, Kiss Me
  • These are the standard 7 classes. Add Right Now Sweetheart for R, N, and S, which are rarely used.
• On Boring Afternoons Five Gorillas Keep Mrs. Richard Nixon Silent

Zodiac

To remember the order of the signs of the zodiac:

• The Ram, the Bull, the heavenly Twins,
  and next the Crab, the Lion shines,
  the Virgin and the Scales;
  the Scorpion, Archer, and the Goat,
  the Man who carries the Watering Pot,
  and Fish with glittering scales.

Mathematics

Metric System

To remember the order of the metric system:
King Henry Drinks Much Dark Chocolate Milk
(Kilometer, hectometer, decameter, meter, decimeter, centimeter, millimeter)
--Meter can be replaced with any other systems of measurement such as 'gram' or 'liter'
The Gooey Monster May Not Pick Five Apples
Tera, Giga, Mega, Micro, Nano, Pico, Femto, Atto (the others above are much more standard and easier to remember)

Order of operations

To remember the correct order of operations:

• Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally.

(Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction)

• BEDMAS

(Brackets Exponentiation Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction)

• BIDMAS

(Brackets Indices Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction)

• BODMAS

(Brackets Operations Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction)

• FOIL

(First Outer Inner Last) For problems such as (2x+4)(2x+4)

• PEMDAS

(Parenthese Exponentiation Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction)

e

e = 2.71828182845905

• To compose e, remember to memorize a sentence to simplify this
  • the number of letters in each word of the phrase is a decimal of e
• United States President Andrew Jackson served 2 terms in office. He was the 7th president and was elected in 1828.

Pi

pi (π) = 3.14159265358979......................

See Piphilology

• "How I want a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics!"
  • the number of letters in each word of the phrase is a decimal of pi (by Isaac Asimov)
• "For a girl I loved contrived; by nature tough, her heart survived"
• "Can I have a large container of coffee"
• "How I wish I could calculate pi quickly"
• "Man, I can't, I shant / formulate an anthem where the words comprise mnemonics / dreaded mnemonics for pi / The numerals just bother me, always / even the dry anterior / try to request something lower (zero) / in numerary aptitude, even I, pantaloon gallant / I cannot actualize the requested mnemonics / the leading fifty, I..." (from Songs To Wear Pants To)

Trigonometry

To remember the formulas for right-triangle trigonometric functions (Sine = Opposite / Hypotenuse; Cosine = Adjacent / Hypotenuse; Tangent = Opposite / Adjacent):

• Some Old Hippie Caught Another Hippie Trippin' On Acid.
• Some Old Ho Caught Another Ho Taking Oscar Away.
• Some Old Horse Caught Another Horse Taking Oats Away.
• Some Old Hags Can't Always Hide Their Old Age.
• Ten Old Angels, Sitting On Heaven, Carrying A Harp
• Signs Of Happiness Come After Having Tabs Of Acid
• Signs Of Happiness Come After Having Tankards Of Ale
• Some Old Horses Catch A Horrible Type Of Ailment
• Sex On Hard Concrete Always Hurts The Others Ass/arse
• SOHCAHTOA (similar in pronunciation to Krakatoa)
• Oh Heck Another Hour Of Algebra. (remembering the order: Sin, Cos, Tan)

Another variation to remember the formulas for right-triangle trigonometric functions:

• Some People Have , Curly Brown Hair , Till Painted Black.

(Sine = Perpendicular / Hypotenuse; Cosine = Base / Hypotenuse; Tangent = Perpendicular / Base)

To remember expansions:
sin(a+b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b
cos(a+b) = cos a cos b - sin a sin b
Sine Cosine, Cosine Sine. Cosine Cosine minus Sine Sine.

Jumping a vehicle

You have two cars, one dead, and each with a battery with plus and minus signs, and a set of cables. How do you know which sign goes with the other?

• Plus to Plus will start the bus.

Courtesy of The Little Know-How Book by Bob Scher.

Government

Order of creation and succession of w:United States Cabinet officials.

• See The Dog Jump In A Circle. Leave Her Home To Entertain Every Visitor Here.

{State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Heatlh and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education, Veteran's Affairs, Homeland Security}